Underground fibre reaches properties through ducts, chambers and trenches. Aerial fibre uses poles and overhead drops. Both can deliver FTTH; the local FNO network, available infrastructure, municipal permissions, terrain and build design usually determine the method. The homeowner can discuss the route on private property but normally cannot choose how the entire street network was built.
Last reviewed: 26 August 2026 · 9 min read
Underground fibre
An underground access network places ducts and cable below the road reserve, pavement, verge or private property. Distribution points may sit in chambers, cabinets or boundary boxes.
The final property connection can use:
- an existing approved duct;
- a new small trench;
- micro-trenching where permitted;
- protected surface conduit for a section of the route;
- a boundary termination before the indoor drop.
Frogfoot describes a rollout sequence that includes wayleave approval, trenching, reinstatement, ducts, fibre blowing and splicing. MetroFibre has also documented micro-trenching as one construction method in selected environments. These examples show that “underground” includes several techniques, not one universal trench size or route.
Aerial fibre
An aerial access network carries fibre on poles. The final drop spans from a distribution point or pole toward the property, then transitions to an approved attachment and protected route into the building.
Aerial installation planning considers:
- pole and attachment ownership;
- safe clearances;
- road and driveway crossings;
- trees and vegetation;
- wind movement and mechanical strain;
- property entry point;
- protection where the cable comes down the wall;
- access for future maintenance.
Customers should not climb a pole, move an aerial drop or attach fibre to an unapproved structure.
Comparison
| Consideration | Underground | Aerial |
|---|---|---|
| Street infrastructure | Ducts, chambers, trenches or cabinets | Poles, overhead cable and aerial distribution points |
| Visible impact | Less overhead visibility; chambers and reinstatement remain visible | Cable and poles remain visible |
| Typical property approach | Duct, boundary point or private trench | Overhead span to attachment, then protected building route |
| Main build dependencies | Excavation permission, buried utilities, reinstatement | Pole rights, clearances, attachments, vegetation |
| Access for repairs | Chambers or excavation may be required | Pole and aerial access equipment may be required |
| Customer choice | Usually determined by existing network | Usually determined by existing network |
This table does not rank reliability. Quality depends on design, construction, maintenance, exposure and local risks—not only whether the cable is above or below ground.
Does one method provide lower latency?
The access method should not be used as a simple latency claim. Once correctly installed, the physical distance difference around a home or street is too small to justify a marketing promise about gaming performance. Routing, network design, congestion and the home network are separate topics already covered elsewhere in the Knowledge Hub.
Can a customer request underground instead of aerial?
You can ask whether an alternative private-property route is technically and commercially available. Converting the FNO’s street method for one property may be impossible or require non-standard construction and approval.
Similarly, an underground street network does not guarantee that every centimetre on private property will be concealed. The installer may propose surface conduit where trenching is unsafe or outside scope.
Planning an underground private-property route
Before work:
- identify irrigation, water, electricity, gate and alarm routes;
- decide how paving or landscaping will be protected;
- ask who reinstates each surface;
- confirm depth and conduit according to the FNO’s approved method;
- record the final route for future building or gardening work;
- obtain a quote for non-standard civil work.
Do not give the team an unverified instruction to dig through an area with hidden services.
Planning an aerial property entry
Discuss:
- where the drop approaches the building;
- which attachment is approved;
- whether trees or moving branches threaten the route;
- how the cable transitions down the wall;
- where it penetrates the building;
- whether the visual route is acceptable to the owner or HOA;
- how maintenance teams will reach it later.
Keep ladders, vehicles and future construction in mind.
Aerial and underground routes in estates or older suburbs
A network may use both methods. Fibre can travel underground along a main road and become aerial on local streets, or arrive aerially before entering private duct. An estate may have internal ducts even when the surrounding suburb uses poles.
Describe the actual path instead of labelling the whole FNO as “aerial” or “trenched”.
Restoration and documentation
For underground work, photograph paving, lawn and finishes before and after. Confirm which reinstatement is included. For aerial work, photograph the attachment and protected wall transition.
Keep the route record with the property documents. Future owners, gardeners and builders need to know where the fibre runs.
Sources
- Frogfoot Networks deployment and micro-trenching FAQs
- Vuma FAQs — trenched and aerial networks
- MetroFibre micro-trenching overview
- ISPA FNO and ISP Best Practice Recommendations
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